Modern instances of such activity include campaigns by the Italian Red Brigades, the German Red Army Faction the Basque separatist group  the Peruvian Shining Part, and  the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant; also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria Subrevolutionary terrorism is rather less common. It is used not to overthrow an existing regime but to modify the existing sociopolitical structure. Since this modification is often accomplished through the threat of deposing the existing regime, subrevolutionary groups are somewhat more difficult to identify. An example can be seen in the  and its campaign to end apartheid in South Africa.

Establishment terrorism, often called state or statesponsored terrorism, is employed by governmentsor more often by factions within governmentsagainst that government’s citizens, against factions within the government, or against foreign governments or groups.

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